Sleep plays a major role in motor learning and consolidation. Previous studies have shown a direct relationship between brain signatures during sleep (i.e., spindles or slow waves) and motor learning (or other types of learning). In this context, brain-machine interfaces, in which we “select” where the learning (neuronal changes) occur, is the ideal tool to understand how sleep and learning interact with one another. This is of great importance for stroke subjects in which the impaired sensorimotor system might not be capable of efficiently consolidating the newly encoded information. Interestingly, presenting task-related cues during certain phases of the sleep has been proven to help the consolidation of the previously learned task. This tool, commonly known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR), provides an interesting tool to further improve motor rehabilitation of stroke patients.